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Rough-Skinned Newt

The rough-skinned newt is a small salamander found in North America, well known for its powerful poison.

Rough Skinned Newt

Scientific Classification

Kingdom	Animalia
Phylum	Chordata
Class	Amphibia
Order	Caudata
Family	Salamandridae
Genus	Taricha
Scientific Name	Taricha granulosa

Rough Skinned Newt Unken Reflex

Quick Information

Other Names	Oregon newt, rough-skin newt, Pacific Coast newt
Physical Description	Color: Light-brown to brownish-black or olive on the dorsal side, orange to yellow undersides, yellow irises, orange lower eyelids Texture: Granular; male skin becomes smooth during breeding season Size: 4.3-7 in (11-18 cm) in length Sexual dimorphism: Enlarged vents and corny toe-pads in males during the breeding season
Distribution	West coast of the United States, up to British Columbia in Canada, Santa Cruz in California in the south to its northern range extending to Alaska, occasionally in Montana; introduced in Idaho
Where does it live	Aquatic habitat includes water-bodies with non-existent to little current, such as lakes, ponds, slow streams; on land, it prefers rotting woods on forested mountains or hills, open areas like fields
Lifespan	12-18 years
Communication	Probably through visual and olfactory channels
What does it eat	Adults: Salamander and frog eggs, invertebrates, occasionally small fish Larvae: Protozoa Juveniles: Small water insects
Adaptations	They produce a potent neurotoxin called tetrodotoxin; also exude a pungent smell when threatened
Breeding Season	Usually begins in December, can take place between March and April, during summer and fall at higher elevations
Breeding Interval	Every alternate year
Incubation Period	3-4 weeks after being laid
Predators	The common garter snake
Diseases	Halipegus occidualis parasites infest the stomach anterior and esophagus
IUCN Conservation Status	Least Concern

Rough Skin Newt Pictures

Rough Skin Newt

Behavior

It assumes a defensive posture (unken reflex) when threatened, wherein, it curls its tail and bends its head backward, thus exposing the brightly colored underbelly, driving away the threat. It spends parts of its life, including the breeding season, in water, and otherwise on land. It also migrates to and from its various mating sites.

Rough Skinned Newt Images

Rough Skinned Newt in Water

Mating & Reproduction

Rough-skinned newts breed in vegetation along the edges of slow or still water bodies. During the breeding season, their cloacal opening swells up and the tails become enlarged and flattened to aid them in swimming.

Males reach the breeding territory before females. Once a female arrives and gets into the water, often several males grab her and hold on till there is only one left.

The victor usually grabs onto the back of the female and swim back and forth in the water, till the female becomes ready to fertilize her eggs. Then the male leaves a spermatophore, which is picked up by the female in her cloacal aperture.

Eggs are laid on stems and leaves of submerged vegetation, a few inches off the water surface.

Rough Skinned Newts

Rough Skinned Newt Pet

Life Cycle

Parental care is non-existent after birth. In some locations, the larvae take up to 4-5 months to transform, while in others, the transformation is completed the ensuing summer.

After metamorphosis, the juveniles move onto land. They reach sexual maturity at about 4-5 years of age.

Interesting Facts

The rough-skinned newt is involved in a co-evolutionary arms race with the common garter snake, which has evolved to tolerate the poison that the newt has to offer, leading the latter to increase the potency of its venom, and so on.
If ingested, rough-skinned newt poisoning may be fatal in humans, with symptoms including hypertension, respiratory paralysis, and neurological unresponsiveness, as was the case with an individual from Oregon. Some people have complained of dermal irritation after touching a newt, especially if the eyes are rubbed.

Rough Skinned Newt Pictures

Rough Skinned Newt Size

References:

Published on December 30th 2016 by Sudipto Chakrabarti under Coniferous Forest Animals.
Article was last reviewed on 5th December 2022.